Chronic Pain After Lung Transplantation and Its Impact on Quality of Life: A 4-Year Follow-up.

Aiming to investigate the prevalence of chronic pain and its impact on quality of life of lung transplantation (LTx) recipients, we performed a transversal study collecting data using a standard interview model in 2 different periods: first, in 2016 we studied LTx recipients after 3 to 11 months of the transplantation; and second, in 2019, we studied the same patients after 39 to 55 months of transplantation surgery. The chosen questionnaires were the Brief Pain Inventory and Short-Form Health Survey. Chronic pain was identified in 47.2% of the analyzed recipients at the initial interview and in 40.7% at the second evaluation. In both periods, the domain quality of life was the most affected in contrast to functional capacity, which was the least affected. On the first analysis, a moderate negative correlation was found between pain intensity and functional capacity domains (-0,42/P = .010), pain (-0,46/P = .005), and mental health (-047/P = .004); meanwhile, the second survey showed a moderate/high negative correlation for most of the domains, except for the mental health (-0,036/P = .120). We conclude that the prevalence of chronic pain after LTx is high, and the pain intensity had a moderate negative correlation with domains such functional capacity, mental health, and pain at the first analysis in contrast to the moderate/high negative correlation for almost every domain, except mental health, at the second analysis.

Effect of a Perioperative Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump use in high-risk cardiac surgery patients. DESIGN: A single-center randomized controlled trial and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. SETTING: Heart Institute of São Paulo University. PATIENTS: High-risk patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to receive preskin incision intra-aortic balloon pump insertion after anesthesia induction versus no intra-aortic balloon pump use. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of 30-day mortality and major morbidity (cardiogenic shock, stroke, acute renal failure, mediastinitis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and a need for reoperation). A total of 181 patients (mean [SD] age 65.4 [9.4] yr; 32% female) were randomized. The primary outcome was observed in 43 patients (47.8%) in the intra-aortic balloon pump group and 42 patients (46.2%) in the control group (p = 0.46). The median duration of inotrope use (51 hr [interquartile range, 32-94 hr] vs 39 hr [interquartile range, 25-66 hr]; p = 0.007) and the ICU length of stay (5 d [interquartile range, 3-8 d] vs 4 d [interquartile range, 3-6 d]; p = 0.035) were longer in the intra-aortic balloon pump group than in the control group. A meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials confirmed a lack of survival improvement in high-risk cardiac surgery patients with perioperative intra-aortic balloon pump use. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the perioperative use of an intra-aortic balloon pump did not reduce the occurrence of a composite outcome of 30-day mortality and major complications compared with usual care alone.

[Evaluation of practices for the prevention and control of bloodstream infections in a government hospital]. / Avaliação das práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea em um hospital governamental.

The aim of this study was to observe clinical procedures in order to evaluate the practices used for the control and prevention of bloodstream infections associated with short-term central venous catheters (BSI-ACVC). The study data came from 5877 assessments distributed among selected practices. The results revealed the following adherence rates among the practices selected: 91.6% for recording the indication and permanence time of the CVC, 51.5% for adhering to the care and maintenance of the dressing at the CVC insertion site and its devices, 10.7% for hand hygiene practices while performing procedures related to the CVC, and 0.0% for the practices related to the insertion of the central venous catheter (CVC). The results demonstrate the need for further elaboration of strategies that ensure sustainable compliance practices for prevention and control BSI-ACVC in the institution being assessed.

Avaliação das práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea em um hospital governamental / Evaluation of practices for the prevention and control of bloodstream infections in a government hospital / Evaluación de las prácticas de prevención y control de infección de la corriente sanguínea en un hospital estatal

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central (ICS-ACVC) de curta permanência, por meio da aplicação de indicadores clínicos processuais. A amostra foi constituída por 5.877 avaliações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas. Obteve-se ampla variação de conformidade: 91,6% - registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do CVC; 51,5% - cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos; 10,7% - higienização das mãos na realização de procedimentos de cuidado e manutenção do CVC; 0,0% - inserção do cateter venoso central (CVC). Os resultados demonstram necessidade de elaboração de novas estratégias que assegurem conformidade duradoura para a maioria das práticas de prevenção e controle de ICS-ACVC avaliadas. Conclui-se pela vantagem na aplicação de avaliação processual, pela possibilidade de não somente identificar seus índices de conformidade em relação à melhor prática esperada, como também favorecer, sobremaneira, reconhecimento das situações específicas que contribuíram para os valores encontrados.

The aim of this study was to observe clinical procedures in order to evaluate the practices used for the control and prevention of bloodstream infections associated with short-term central venous catheters (BSI-ACVC). The study data came from 5877 assessments distributed among selected practices. The results revealed the following adherence rates among the practices selected: 91.6% for recording the indication and permanence time of the CVC, 51.5% for adhering to the care and maintenance of the dressing at the CVC insertion site and its devices, 10.7% for hand hygiene practices while performing procedures related to the CVC, and 0.0% for the practices related to the insertion of the central venous catheter (CVC). The results demonstrate the need for further elaboration of strategies that ensure sustainable compliance practices for prevention and control BSI-ACVC in the institution being assessed.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las prácticas de control y prevención de la infección del torrente sanguíneo asociadas a catéter venoso central (ITSACVC) estancia de corta duración a través de la aplicación de los procedimientos clínicos. La muestra consistió en 5.877 cuotas distribuidas entre las prácticas seleccionadas. Los resultados mostraron que la conformidad de las prácticas seleccionadas fueron: 0,0% para práctica de la inserción del catéter venoso central (CVC), el 91,6% para la declaración de registro y permanencia de la catéter venoso central CVC, el 51,5% de adhesión al cuidado y mantenimiento la preparación de la inserción del CVC y sus dispositivos, el 10,7% en la práctica de higienización de manos en la realización de procedimientos para el cuidado y mantenimiento de la CVC seleccionado. Los resultados demuestran la necesidad de una mayor elaboración de estrategias que aseguren el cumplimiento de las prácticas sostenibles de prevención y control ITS-ACVC en la institución que se evalúa, la mayor parte de las prácticas.

Revisão sistemática e metanálise sobre o valor preditivo da proteína C-reativa em infecção pós-operatória / Systematic review and meta-analysis of the predictive value of C-reactive protein in postoperative infections / Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis sobre el valor predictivo de la proteína C-reactiva en infección postoperatorias

Revisão sistemática sobre a proteína C-reativa (PCR) a fim de identificar seu valor preditivo no prognóstico/diagnóstico de infecção em pacientes cirúrgicos. As fontes de busca foram: COCHRANE, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE E OVID, e referências bibliográficas dos estudos encontrados. Em todos os estudos a elevação dos níveis de PCR foi observada após a cirurgia e na presença de infecções pós-operatórias (PO), em oito estudos um pico de PCR entre o segundo e o terceiro PO foi relatado como aspecto normal da curva de PCR, declinando em pacientes sem complicações pós-operatórias, e elevando em pacientes com complicações. A metanálise revelou média de 85 por cento (sensibilidade), 86 por cento (especificidade), a área sob a curva SROC foi de 0,9060, e a Odds Ratio foi de 23,56. A PCR com outras intervenções clínicas apresenta alto valor no prognóstico/ diagnóstico de infecção pós-cirúrgica.

This systematic review on C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed with the purpose to identify its predictive value in the prognosis/diagnosis of infection in surgical patients. The sources used in the search were: COCHRANE, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE and OVID, and bibliographic references of the located studies. All studies found increased CRP levels after surgery in cases of postoperative infection (PO), in eight studies a CRP peak between the second and third PO was reported as normal aspect of the CRP curve, reducing in patients without postoperative complications and increasing in patients with complications. The meta-analysis revealed an average of 85 percent (sensitivity), 86 percent (specificity), the area under the SROC curve was 0.9060, and the Odds Ratio was 23.56. Along with other clinical interventions, CRP is considerably valuable in the prognosis/diagnosis of postoperative infections.

Revisión sistemática sobre la proteína C-reactiva (PCR) para identificar su valor predictivo en pronóstico/diagnóstico de infección en pacientes quirúrgicos. Las fuentes de búsqueda fueron: COCHRANE, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE y OVID, y referencias bibliográficas de los estudios encontrados. En todos los estudios la elevación de los niveles de PCR fue observada después de la cirugía y en presencia de infecciones postoperatorias (PO), en 8 estudios un pico de PCR entre el 2º y el 3º PO fue definida como aspecto normal de la curva de PCR, declinando en pacientes sin complicaciones postoperatorias, y elevándose en pacientes con tales complicaciones. El meta-análisis determinó una media de 85 por ciento (sensibilidad), 86 por ciento (especificidad), el área bajo la curva SROC fue de 0,9060, y el Odds Ratio fue de 23,56. La PCR junto a otras intervenciones clínicas presenta alto valor en el pronóstico/diagnóstico de infección post quirúrgica.

[Systematic review and meta-analysis of the predictive value of C-reactive protein in postoperative infections]. / Revisão sistemática e metanálise sobre o valor preditivo da proteína C-reativa em infecção pós-operatória.

This systematic review on C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed with the purpose to identify its predictive value in the prognosis/diagnosis of infection in surgical patients. The sources used in the search were: COCHRANE, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE and OVID, and bibliographic references of the located studies. All studies found increased CRP levels after surgery in cases of postoperative infection (PO), in eight studies a CRP peak between the second and third PO was reported as normal aspect of the CRP curve, reducing in patients without postoperative complications and increasing in patients with complications. The meta-analysis revealed an average of 85% (sensitivity), 86% (specificity), the area under the SROC curve was 0.9060, and the Odds Ratio was 23.56. Along with other clinical interventions, CRP is considerably valuable in the prognosis/diagnosis of postoperative infections.

Avaliação das práticas de prevenção e controle da infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central de curta permanência por meio de indicadores clínicos / Evaluation of practices for prevention and control of bloodstream infection associated with central venous catheter of short stay by means clinical indicators

Há praticamente consenso de que o processo de trabalho de prevenção e controle de infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde (IrAS), pautado em indicadores de resultados, são limitados para reconhecer as condições reais em que as práticas assistenciais são realizadas. Para tanto, avaliações processuais vêm sendo utilizadas, para conhecer o grau de conformidade dessas ocorrências de acordo com as recomendações dadas por evidências científicas atualmente disponíveis. Este estudo teve a finalidade de avaliar a conformidade de práticas de prevenção e controle de infecção da corrente sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central (ICS-ACVC), por meio de indicadores clínicos processuais especificamente elaborados. Tais práticas corresponderam a: a) Avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência; b) Avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência: inserção percutânea, paramentação completa para inserção de CVC, campo estéril ampliado no momento da instalação do cateter, uso de anti-séptico de veículo alcoólico para preparo da pele do paciente, presença de curativo oclusivo; c) Avaliação da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção do curativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação, troca de equipos e transdutores conformeorientação institucional; d) Avaliação da adesão à higiene das mãos em procedimentos de troca do sistema de infusão, administração de medicamentos, coleta de sangue, troca e realização de curativo. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa aplicada envolvendo achados sobre o desempenho de práticas e procedimentos, buscando acessar sua qualidade, com delineamentos prospectivo, transversal e analítico. O cenário foi a UTI cirúrgica-Adulto de um Hospital Público de Ensino. A casuística correspondeu às oportunidades de avaliação das práticas selecionadas, realizadas por médicos, enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, nos três turnos de trabalho, quando pertinente, em pacientes que teriam um CVC inserido e/ou que já possuíam CVC. A amostra baseou-se na conformidade esperada de 80%, com 5877 avaliações distribuídas entre as práticas selecionadas, realizadas por meio de observação direta ou registros em prontuários. Instrumentos e avaliadores foram submetidos a testes de aferição de concordância. A conformidade geral das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi de 91,6%. A conformidade geral obtido na avaliação das práticas de inserção do cateter venoso central de curta permanência foi nula (0,0%), que ocorreu devido à ausência do curativo oclusivo na inserção do CVC (0,0%), quanto às demais práticas avaliadas, todas obtiveram conformidade total (100,0%). A conformidade da prática de adesão aos cuidados e manutenção docurativo da inserção do CVC e seus dispositivos: registro de troca do curativo, periodicidade da troca do curativo, desinfecção de hubs e conectores com clorexidina alcoólica 0,5% antes da manipulação foi de 51,5%, com a manhã o período que apresentou a maior taxa de conformidade (69,3%) e a tarde a menor (31,1%). A conformidade geral da prática de higiene das mãos na realização dos procedimentos selecionados foi apenas 10,7%, sendo que a Troca e realização de curativo (21,1%), seguindo-se Coleta de Sangue (10,2%) e administração de medicamentos (9,6%). O turno da manhã obteve maior adesão (12,7%) e o noturno a menor (8,4%). Nesta prática, o maior índice de conformidade foi obtido entre os enfermeiros em todas as práticas avaliadas (troca do sistema de infusão-18%, coleta de sangue-21,4%, administração de medicamento-20,4%, troca e realização do curativo 21,7%). Concluiu-se que, embora a avaliação das práticas de registro de indicação e tempo de permanência do cateter venoso central de curta permanência tenha atingido a conformidade esperada de 80%, as demais práticas necessitam de uma nova elaboração de estratégias que assegurem a adesão duradoura das práticas de controle e prevenção de ICS-ACVC, associado à análise contínua de infra-estrutura, disponibilidade de material e carga de trabalho.

There is a consensus that the process of prevention and control healthcare associated infection (HAI), based on result indicators is limited to recognize the real conditions in which assistance practices are performed. So, processual evaluations have been required to know the conformity level of these events in relation to recommendations given by the scientific evidence now available. The aim of this study was to evaluation the conformity of practices for prevention and bloodstream infection control associated with central venous catheter (BSI ACVC) by means of specifically elaborated processual clinical indicators. These practices corresponded to: a) Evaluation the practices of registration statement evaluation and central venous catheter for short stay evaluation; b) Evaluation the practices of the insertion of central venous catheter for short stay, percutaneous insertion, complete items for insertion of CVC, enlarged sterile field at the time of catheter insertion, use of antiseptic alcohol vehicle for the patient skin cleaning and occlusive dressing presence; c) Evaluation of the adherence to care practice and maintenance of CVC insertion healing and it devices: report of dressing and frequency changes, the hubs and connectors disinfection with chlorhexidine 0,5% before handling, exchange of catheters and transducers as institutional orientation; d) Evaluation of compliance to hand hygiene procedures in trading system for infusion, medication administration, bloodcollection, exchange an healing completion. This was an applied research involving findings about practices performance and procedures, aiming to access its quality, through a prospective transversal and analytical design. It took place in an surgical Adult ICU of a Public School Hospital. The casuistic corresponded to opportunities of selected practices evaluation , performed by physicians, nurses, nursing assistants and technicians, in three work shift, where relevant, in patients who had a CVC inserted and / or who had CVC. The sample was based on the expected conformity of 80 %, with 5,877 evaluations distributed among the selected practices, performed by means of direct observation or registers in patient records. Instruments and evaluators were submitted to tests for measuring compliance. The general conformity practices registration statement and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay was 91,6%. The overall conformity achieved in the evaluation of central venous catheter insertion a short stay was zero (0,0%), which was due to the absence of occlusive dressings on CVC insertion (0,0%), and the other evaluated practices all achieved full compliance(100,0%). The conformity adherence to care practice and maintenance of healing of the CVC insertion and their devices: dressing change report, dressing change frequency, the disinfection of hubs and connectors with chlorhexidine 0.5% before the manipulation was 51,5%, being that morning shift has the highestcompliance rate (69,3%) and the afternoon shift the smallest (31,1%). The overall conformity of hand hygiene practice in the performance of selected procedures was only 10,7%, and the exchange and completion of healing (21,1%), followed by blood collection (10,2%) and administration drugs (9,6%). The morning shift had better adherence (12,7%) and the lowest night shift (8,4%). In the practice, the highest rate of compliance among nurses was obtained in all evaluated practices (exchange of the infusion system 18%, blood collection 21,4 %, drug delivery 20, 4%, exchange and completion of dressing 21, 7%). We have concluded that although the registration statement evaluation and permanence of central venous catheter for short stay has reached 80% as expected, other practices have needed a new formulation of strategies that ensure lasting adhesion of control practices and prevention of ICS-ACVC, associated to a continuum analysis of infra-structure and work conditions.